Uganda’s economy heavily relies on the environment and natural resource base. Agriculture continues to determine Uganda’s success in terms of economic growth and poverty reduction.
Uganda farmers still depend on the seasonal rainfall for crop production, In case it fails to rain, food security and the economy will be affected. Poverty is therefore a social problem with complex environmental challenges..
Due to the growing demand for forest products and the conversion of forest to agriculture as the human population continues to expand, the rate at which people cut down trees exceeds the rate at which trees are planted. Loss of trees have contributed to the climate change causing a decline in photosynthetic activity which results in the atmosphere retaining higher levels of carbon dioxide. Deforestation has inhibited water recycling and converted inland forest to dry land and potential waste land causing floods and erosion in many areas in central region. The excess water from land cleared of forest has become runoff water and enters the existing water resources instead of seeping downward into the soil to recharge aquifers. When it rains heavily the running water in many places cause soil erosion.
On the other land the soil because it lacks soil cover it cannot retain water for a long time. When the sun shines the evaporation takes place easily. This affects agricultural production due to the fact that famers do not have a solution for un conducive climate challenges